Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu said the S-300 surface-to-air missile defence system would be delivered within two weeks.
The reconnaissance plane was downed on 17 September after Israeli jets attacked targets in Latakia province.
Israel denies failing to give Russia adequate notice of the air strike.
All 14 Russian military personnel aboard the plane died.
Mr Shoigu said the delivery of the S-300 system had been suspended in 2013 following a request from Israel but added: "Now, the situation has changed. And it's not our fault."
"In parts of the Mediterranean adjacent to Syria, there will be radio-electronic jamming of satellite navigation, onboard radars and communications systems used by military aircraft attacking targets in Syrian territory," he said.
The systems will also be able to track and identify Russian aircraft.
Russia has an air base in Syria from which it carries out missions in support of President Bashar al-Assad in the country's civil war.
What happened last week?
The Ilyushin Il-20 is reported to have been downed about 35km (22 miles) from the Syrian coast as it was returning to Russia's Hmeimim airbase near the north-western city of Latakia.
Russia's Tass news agency said at the time that the plane had "disappeared during an attack by four Israeli F-16 jets on Syrian facilities in Latakia province".
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