Protesters, some carrying separatist flags, are demanding the release of the region's deposed leaders and activists.
A general strike has been called but the major unions say they will not join it.
Spanish law prohibits strikes for political motives and the unions say they are acting against job insecurity.
Pictures showed protesters on train tracks and on the platforms of stations, interrupting services.
But reports suggest the adherence to the strike in Barcelona appears to be low.
Catalonia's deposed leader Carles Puigdemont and four former advisers fled to Belgium after the Spanish government rejected the region's independence referendum and imposed direct rule.
A Belgian investigating judge is yet to decide whether to execute an EU arrest warrant issued by a Spanish judge last week. The sacked leader has been freed on bail and is scheduled to appear in court on 17 November.
- In an interview to the BBC, Spain's Environment Minister Isabel GarcÃa Tejerina accused Mr Puigdemont of launching an attack on the entire Spanish state by his illegal declaration of independence. Ms Tejerina, one of the ministers in charge of Catalonia under emergency powers, also denied Mr Puigdemont's allegations of corruption in the country's judicial system
- The editor of satirical magazine El Jueves has appeared in court over a fictitious story (in Spanish) that suggested that riot police deployed to stop last month's referendum had finished the region's supply of cocaine. Guillermo MartÃnez-Vela reportedly told judges that the article had "no intention to insult" and that it followed the magazine's satirical editorial line
- Pro-independence parties failed to reach an agreement to form a united front for the 21 December snap election, making more difficult for separatists to rule the region after the vote.
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