Donald Trump, who skipped the event for the second year, said the "filthy 'comedian' totally bombed" after she targeted him and his staff.
Wolf sparked both praise and condemnation for her scathing "roasts".
The organisation behind the annual event expressed regret at the divisiveness of the after-dinner act.
Margaret Talev, head of the White House Correspondents' Association, said the night was "meant to offer a unifying message about our common commitment to a vigorous and free press while honouring the civility, great reporting and scholarship winners, not to divide people".
The former Daily Show contributor was criticised by some for commenting on Ms Sanders' appearance, comparing her to the matronly disciplinarian Aunt Lydia in The Handmaid's Tale, while others applauded her for attacking White House "lies".
Wolf has denied she took aim at Ms Sanders looks, and said "all these jokes were about her despicable behaviour".
For almost a century, it has been a tradition for US presidents to attend the White House Correspondents' Dinner and have fun poked at them.
But Mr Trump has boycotted the event since winning power, choosing this year instead to hold a rally for supporters in Michigan.
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